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Every Detail Holds Secrets to Building a High-Quality Glass Greenhouse

05/13/2026
Hongqiangsheng

NO.1 Greenhouse Site Selection

When building a greenhouse, priority should be given to areas with sufficient light, flat terrain, excellent engineering geology, and low groundwater levels. It is crucial to avoid areas prone to natural disasters such as floods, mudslides, and wind tunnels. The site must have water and power sources that meet the needs of production and living, and priority should be given to plots with geothermal energy, industrial waste heat and other resources. Additionally, the drainage conditions should be good to ensure timely discharge of excess rainwater. If the selected site is sloped, it needs to be leveled in advance. At the same time, tall buildings, trees and other light-blocking obstacles should be avoided; if avoidance is not possible, sufficient spacing must be reserved to ensure the greenhouse’s lighting needs. In addition, convenient transportation is also an important consideration for the site selection, facilitating material transportation and daily management.

NO.2 Greenhouse Orientation

The preferred orientation of the greenhouse is north-south, because light is the core condition for plant growth. A north-south layout can ensure uniform lighting in all areas of the greenhouse, thus providing sufficient and balanced light for the crop cultivation area. If the actual on-site conditions cannot meet the north-south orientation, priority should be given to areas that can fully receive sunlight from morning to noon—morning sunlight is mild, which is more conducive to plant photosynthesis and growth, and can effectively improve crop growth.

NO.3 Determination of Greenhouse Height

The height of the greenhouse is measured by the gutter height (the vertical distance from the ground to the gutter). Generally speaking, the higher the greenhouse, the better the growing environment it can provide for crops, and the more comfortable the working space for laborers. A higher gutter can increase the air capacity in the greenhouse, making it easier to control the environment. At the same time, it provides sufficient space for automated operations, making the choice of production methods more flexible.
The determination of the greenhouse height should consider the crop height and planting method (such as hanging cultivation, ground planting). Generally, the greenhouse height should be 2 to 3 meters higher than the top of the plants to ensure upper air circulation and avoid adverse effects on crops caused by high temperatures in the upper part. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the space requirements for the operation of mechanized equipment in the greenhouse, such as reserving the space required for the picking vehicle to rise to the highest position to ensure smooth production operations.

NO.4 Ensure Smooth Transportation Routes for Production and Packaging Processes

The greenhouse design must be based on the overall situation to ensure the coherent connection of all production links, and avoid one-sided and partial design. For example, the transportation path of the production line must be planned in advance to ensure the smooth flow from crop picking, sorting line, packaging workshop to warehouse, reducing transportation delays and improving production efficiency.

NO.5 Balance Cost and Output Ratio

In the greenhouse design stage, it is crucial to consider the rationality of input costs and output benefits, and avoid blindly pursuing new technologies and equipment. According to the experimental comparison by Dutch experts, there is no significant difference in the final yield when planting tomatoes in traditional Venlo-type greenhouses and semi-closed greenhouses. However, semi-closed greenhouses require higher investment and consume more energy during operation. Therefore, the traditional Venlo-type greenhouse is still the most practical and popular in the Netherlands, and this experience is worth learning from.

Greenhouse Design Points

01 Selection of Greenhouse Materials

The selection of greenhouse frames needs to comprehensively consider the service life of the greenhouse main body, rust and corrosion resistance, and the light needs of the plants in the greenhouse. If the crops have high requirements for light, it is recommended to use white spray-coated frames—their appearance is clean and beautiful, the rectangular tube has a large reflective surface, and the application of high-reflective spray coating can effectively reduce the heat absorption rate. On sunny days in summer, the surface temperature of the spray-coated frame is 1/3 lower than that of ordinary steel structure greenhouses, which can reduce the impact of high temperatures on crops.
The selection of curtains also needs to meet the light needs of plants. High-efficiency production greenhouses are suitable for high-reflective curtains, which can maximize the creation of a uniform and sufficient light environment for plants and assist crop photosynthesis.

02 Natural Ventilation Design

Natural ventilation is the most economical and important cooling method for greenhouses. It is necessary to set sufficient area of air outlets to ensure that the designed ventilation volume of the ventilation system meets the maximum necessary ventilation demand for cooling and dehumidification. The top window ventilation design must include both leeward and windward windows, adapting to the changes in wind direction throughout the year—opening the windward windows has a better effect of cooling and dehumidification. If only a small degree of cooling is needed, the leeward skylights can be opened separately. In summer, the combination of opening leeward and windward windows can achieve cooling through natural ventilation, avoiding opening the wet curtain fan too early and reducing the later operation cost.

03 Reduce Shading Area

Dutch greenhouses have a large single area, and trusses are only installed in the gutter direction. Most greenhouses in China have trusses installed in both the gutter and bay directions. On the basis of meeting structural calculation standards, we can learn from the Dutch installation method, which can not only save costs but also reduce the shading area caused by trusses on crops.
The installation of the curtain system must consider the shading area after the curtain is retracted. It is recommended to use the steel cable curtain pulling method. Although the steel cable curtain pulling has extremely high requirements on the installation process, compared with the gear rack curtain pulling system, it can save costs and significantly reduce the shading area, ensuring the light needs of crops.

04 Consider the Energy-Saving Effect of Different Curtain Installation Forms

Triangular curtain installation: When the greenhouse area is large, the internal temperature is prone to imbalance, leading to large temperature differences between crops. The combination of internal thermal insulation curtains and triangular curtains can be adopted to divide multiple small areas, realizing balanced temperature control in each small area and ensuring the consistency of crop growth.
Opposite curtain installation: When the curtains are fully extended, air circulation is likely to be poor. Installing the internal sunshade curtain and internal thermal insulation curtain on opposite sides can effectively increase air circulation. It should be noted to ensure that the spacing after the curtains are retracted is small, so as to avoid increasing the shading area due to excessive spacing.

05 Reasonably Locate the Position of Inter-Row Heating Pipes

The installation position of inter-row heating pipes directly affects the fruit ripening. Installing the heating pipes at the position of the first ear of fruit can accelerate fruit color change and advance the harvesting period, which is suitable for tomato varieties with a long harvesting period. If installed in the middle position (corresponding to the height of the third and fourth ears of fruit), it can promote fruit enlargement, but due to insufficient nutrient supply from the roots to meet the needs of the plants, the harvesting period will be shortened. Therefore, greenhouses currently planting tomatoes generally adopt double-layer heating pipes. Before design, it is necessary to fully communicate with planting technicians to clarify their planting needs and reasonably determine the position of the heating pipes.

06 Balance Temperature and Humidity

The high-pressure spray system widely used in the Netherlands can accurately control the air temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, effectively regulate the water absorption of crop leaves. It can reduce the temperature by 5℃ in unshaded greenhouses and 7℃ in shaded greenhouses. The system can provide immediate humidification, minimize bacterial growth, and avoid damage to crops and flowers.
The high-pressure spray system can operate under extremely high pressure of about 10MPa, producing fine droplets with a diameter of about 10μm. These fine droplets evaporate quickly and will not attach to the plant leaves, achieving the best cooling effect. Compared with other systems, it can also reduce water consumption. If some crops do not need humidification while cooling, a spray cooling system can be installed outside the top of the greenhouse, which can generally achieve a cooling effect of 1 to 2℃.

07 Consider Light Pollution Issues

To avoid light pollution from the greenhouse affecting the lives of surrounding residents, a side rolling system can be installed around the greenhouse. This system has three functions: it can insulate heat and cool down in summer, preventing heat from entering the greenhouse; it can keep warm and retain heat in winter, reducing heat loss in the greenhouse; at the same time, it can effectively block the greenhouse light and avoid light pollution.

08 Ensure the Comfort of Laborers at Work

Reasonably designing the greenhouse layout to create a comfortable working environment for laborers can stimulate their work enthusiasm and improve work efficiency. For example, the height of the cultivation trough is recommended to be 70 to 80 cm from the ground, which is convenient for laborers to operate standing up and avoids long-term bending strain. Installing white sunshade nets only above the greenhouse aisles can block direct sunlight, reduce the temperature of the aisles, provide a comfortable working environment for laborers, and not affect the light needs of crops on both sides of the aisles.